From
this delivered draft many worthwhile things and comment can I take from my
project advisor. The problem is, in terms of spelling words for negligence.
Such attitudes must be avoided so that the same mistakes can be averted. Apart
from that negligence in the use of Microsoft word do not justify the paragraph.
For the report, many things that should be added between the literature review,
Gant chart, costing o budget, software and development and reference. As a
whole all the things I have to fix and update the actual report I enter later.
Incomplete draft proposal
ABSTRACT
Many
countries in the word are heavily dependent on the non-renewable energy and
polluting sources to generate electricity so, renewable energy is rapidly
gaining importance as an energy resource as fossil fuel price fluctuate. One of
the most popular renewable energy sources is a solar energy. The purpose of
this research is to describe about solar power water pumping system. This system is mainly to be used in irrigation
such as agriculture. The function of the project is to easy transfer water
efficiently and reliably from sources such as spring, river, tanks and dams. This
system begins with a solar panel that will use light energy from the sun to
generate electricity through the photovoltaic (PV) effect to produce dc power
charger controller will control excessive current flow flowing into the
battery. In addition to over-protection, state-of-charge control low voltage or
battery needed for preventing deep discharge damage to the battery. Low voltage
relay acts as an automatic switch to disconnect pump before the battery voltage
is too low. Relay activated and switched on when the battery voltage dropped to
"low voltage" threshold, and de-activate and switch back when the
battery voltage is increased to "reconnect" threshold. Most of the PV
equipment supplier offering charge regulator controls that combines both
overcharge protection and low voltage disconnect to protect battery. After that
voltage regulator is placed between the battery and the pump to maintain an
appropriate level of voltage pump then to operate pumps the water from the
river to the water tank. On the other hand water tank there is a sensor that
will detect presence to the extent required. Basically, the system is to easy
for transfer water efficiently and reliably from sources especially in
agriculture. The previous systems that
are use is the human doing itself the ‘pumping water’ use by hand or manual. This
system is able to help the problem face and can speed up their work. Basically,
this project will be using the solar panel, electronic pump enhancer, bore pump
and water tank. Thus, this project is able to be settling some of the problem
face nowadays.
ABSTRAK
Banyak
negara dalam dunia adalah bergantung kepada tenaga yang tidak boleh
diperbaharui dan mencemarkan sumber untuk menjana elektrik begitu. Salah satu
tenaga yang paling popular sumber yang boleh diperbaharui adalah tenaga solar.
Tujuan kajian ini adalah untuk menerangkan tentang kuasa solar sistem air
mengepam. Sistem ini terutamanya untuk digunakan dalam pengairan seperti
pertanian. Fungsi projek ini adalah untuk air pemindahan mudah cekap dan boleh
dipercayai daripada sumber-sumber seperti musim bunga, sungai, kereta kebal dan
empangan. Sistem ini bermula dengan panel solar yang akan menggunakan tenaga
cahaya daripada matahari untuk menjana tenaga elektrik melalui kesan fotovoltaik
untuk menghasilkan pengawal pengecas kuasa AT akan mengawal aliran arus yang
berlebihan mengalir ke dalam bateri. Di samping lebih perlindungan,
state-of-caj kawalan voltan rendah atau bateri yang diperlukan untuk mencegah
kerosakan pelepasan mendalam kepada bateri. Relay voltan rendah bertindak
sebagai suis automatik untuk mencabut pam sebelum voltan bateri terlalu rendah.
Relay diaktifkan dan dihidupkan apabila voltan bateri menurun kepada
"voltan rendah" ambang, dan menyahaktifkan serta menghidupkan kembali
apabila voltan bateri meningkat untuk "menyambung semula" ambang.
Kebanyakan PV peralatan pembekal menawarkan kawalan pengatur caj yang
menggabungkan kedua-dua perlindungan menjual terlalu mahal dan voltan rendah
cabut untuk melindungi bateri. Selepas itu pengatur voltan diletakkan di antara
bateri dan pam untuk mengekalkan tahap yang sesuai pam voltan kemudian untuk
mengendalikan pam air dari sungai ke tangki air. Pada Sebaliknya air tangki ada
sensor yang akan mengesan kehadiran setakat yang diperlukan. Pada asasnya,
sistem adalah mudah untuk pemindahan air cekap dan boleh dipercayai daripada
sumber terutamanya dalam bidang pertanian. Sistem sebelumnya yang digunakan
adalah manusia yang melakukan dirinya penggunaan 'mengepam air' oleh tangan
atau manual. Sistem ini mampu untuk membantu mereka yang menghadapi masalah dan
boleh mempercepatkan kerja mereka. Pada asasnya, projek ini akan menggunakan
panel solar, elektronik pam penambah, melahirkan tangki pam dan air. Oleh itu,
projek ini dapat menyelesaikan beberapa muka masalah pada masa kini.
1.0 INTRODUCTION
Each student who takes an engineering degree at
UniKL BMI technology should complete the final year project report. Final year
project is one of scientific research related to the field of study in the
faculty that must be provided by the final year students as being eligible for
the award of engineering technology degree. This introduction describes the
project objectives.
The purpose of this project is to provide water
to farmers and landowners with information on planning and installing
solar-powered water pumping systems. Because every location has different needs
and resources, this project provides the general principles required to make an
informed decision on whether or not a solar pump is right for your
operation.
Currently, solar water pumps are used in the
western United States as well as in many other countries like India China
or other regions with abundant sunlight. Solar pumps have proven to be accost
effective and dependable method for providing water in situations where water
resources are spread over long distances, power lines are few or non-existent
and fuel and maintenance costs are considerable. Historically, solar water
pumps have not been widely used in New York State, in part due to the
perception that solar does not work in New York. However, demonstration units
that have been operating over the past few years have proven that solar pumps
work at capacity when needed most: during warm, sunny days. This is
particularly important for animal grazing operations.
While there are several possible methods for
supplying water to remote pastures, such as wind, gas/diesel pumps, and ram
pumps, solar-powered water pumps may offer the best option in terms
of long-term cost and reduced labor. In the relatively rare instances with
favorable topography and spring or pond location, ram pumps or gravity feed may
be better options. In flat areas where the water is supplied by a remote well
and where there is limited access to the power grid, solar pumps appear to be
the best option.
Solar pumps offer a clean and simple alternative
to fuel-burning engines and generators for domestic water, livestock and
irrigation. They are most effective during dry and sunny seasons. They require
no fuel deliveries, and very little maintenance. Solar pumps are powered
by photovoltaic (solar electric) panels and the flow rate is determined by
the intensity of the sunlight.
Solar panels have no moving parts, and most have
a warranty of at least 20 years. Most solar pumps operate without the use of
storage batteries. A water tank provides a simple, economical means of storage.
Solar pumps must be optimally selected for the task at hand, in order to
minimize the power required, and thus the cost of the system. A wide
variety of solar pumps is available, to meet a wide variety of needs.
Energy is a key ingredient for the
overall development of an economy. India has been endowed with abundant
renewable solar energy resource. India is large country and the rate of
electrification has not kept pace with the expanding population, urbanization
and industrialization and has resulted in the increasing deficit between demand
and supply of electricity. This has not only resulted in under electrification
but also put heavy pressure on the governments to keep pace with demand for
electricity. People not served by the power grid have to rely on fossil fuels
like kerosene and diesel for their energy needs and also incur heavy recurring
expenditure for the poor people in rural areas. Wherever the rural areas have
been brought under power grid the erratic and unreliable power supply has not
helped the farmers and the need for an uninterrupted power supply especially
during the critical farming period has been has been a major area of concern.
India receives a solar energy equivalent of 5,000 trillion kWh/year with a
daily average solar energy incidence of 4-7 kWh/m2. This is
considerably more than the total energy consumption of the country. Further,
most parts of the country experience 250-300 sunny days in a year, which makes
solar energy a viable option in these areas.
Decentralized
renewable energy systems, which rely on locally available
resources, could provide the solution to the rural energy problem, particularly
in remote areas where grid extension is not a viable proposition
Solar
energy, with its virtually infinite potential and free availability, represents
a nonpolluting and inexhaustible energy source which can be developed to meet
the energy needs of mankind in a major way. The high cost, fast depleting
fossil fuels and the public concern about the eco-friendly power generation of
power have led to a surge of interest in the utilization of solar energy.
To evaluate the energy potential at particular place, detailed information on
its availability is essential. These include data on solar intensity, spectrum,
incident angle and cloudiness as a function of time.
1.1
AIM
To
qualify for the award of engineering technology degree in electrical
engineering technology, I chose this project of solar power water pumping
system and created a bit of help and reduce the burden on farmers, particularly
to facilitate their agricultural drainage and reduce gas emissions and oil if
using the engine. After that, I can improve my skills and knowledge in problem
solving research over the internet or books.
1.2
OBJECTIVE
The
objective of this project is to design hardware for power generation. The
purpose of the project is to easy transfer water efficiently and reliably from
sources such as spring, river, tanks and dams. These design also conduct and
construct solar power unit that is portable and functional for domestic
application and suitable for educational apparatus. At the same time this
project could also serve as back-up power supply.
The
objectives project also are to make sure all the theories and practical that
the student has learn in the University Kuala Lumpur has been used to finish
this final project. In this project the student will be used the subject that
have learned. This entire subject was used to make sure that the student
understands what the student has learned in the University Kuala Lumpur.
1.3
PROBLEM STATEMENT
Photovoltaic
is a technology which light is converted into electrical power. One of the
applications of photovoltaic module is solar water pumping system. The project
is to
easy transfer water efficiently and reliably from sources such as spring,
river, tanks and dams. Nowadays, almost all of the paddy field state as outside
granary area or not located at main water dam passing in Kedah and Perlis.
These areas identified to be irrigated by rainfall and hill water. If these
areas of paddy field are full irrigated the paddy and rice production in
Malaysia will increase. Malaysia is one of the countries that receive abundant
of sun light in average mostly in northern side of peninsular Malaysia. Kedah,
Perlis and Penang have high potential applying solar energy especially in
agriculture sectors. Solar technologies in water pumping system able to apply
in paddy field and increase the rise and paddy production by improving the
irrigation for these areas.
2.0 METHODOLOGY
The
design specification, block diagram and connection of all hardware will be
explained in details. The information has been search through browsing internet
and looking through reference books from the library and friends. At last a
design come up from theoretical information gathered.
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Figure
2.0: Block Diagram of Solar Power Water Pumping System.
Solar panel
The
function of this part is to collect solar energy from the sunlight and convert
it into dc voltage. It will charge the battery through the charge controller to
avoid damage to the battery. It will also track the sun automatically control
by the positioning circuit and move by the motor.
Regulator/controller circuit
Battery
The Deep
Cycle batteries used are design to be discharged and then re-charge hundreds or
thousands of times. These batteries are rate in Amp Hours (ah) – usually at 20
hours and 100 hours. Simple stated, an amp hour refers to the amount of the
current – in amp – which can be supplied by the battery over the period of
hours.
Bore
pump
The pump
uses centrifugal force to deliver water to an above ground storage tank. A bore hole is drilled to the base of a water shelf. The
jet pump is separated from the motor and submerged in the bore hole. One pipe
is mounted to the impeller 10 feet to 20 feet below the minimum well water
level, and a second pipe connects the jet output back to the pump. The pump motor connects to an above-ground power source.
The pump itself is comprised of stacked impellers separated by a diffuser that
drive the water up to the storage tank. The storage tank contains an air
bladder that compresses as water is pumped into it, the resulting pressure
moves the water through the plumbing system. The bore pump stops when the
pressure inside the storage tank reaches a preset level and resumes when the
pressure drops below that level. Regarded as one of the best surface pumps for deep well water
pumping. It consists of two pumps connected in series, one is the ejector pump
and the other is the centrifugal pump. The ejector pump is lowered in a 4"
or smaller well / bore and connected to the centrifugal pump body by two pipes. Usually these pumps are
used with a set of Auto tank system including the tank, the pressure gauge, the
pressure switch and the fool valve, etc. The Auto tank system is another
significant merit of this pump which makes the pump more convenient.
Water valve
Water Level Sensor
Level sensors detect the level of substances that flow, including liquids, slurry, granular materials, and powder. Fluids and
fluidized solids flow to become essentially level in their containers (or other
physical boundaries) because of gravity whereas most bulk
solids pile at an angle of repose to a peak. The substance to be measured can
be inside a container or can be in its natural form (e.g., a river or a lake).
The level measurement can be either continuous or point values. Continuous
level sensors measure level within a specified range and determine the exact
amount of substance in a certain place, while point-level sensors only indicate
whether the substance is above or below the sensing point. Generally the latter
detect levels that are excessively high or low.
LCD Display
The LCD display accomplishes one goal: it
will display the file name, current sample and real-time ADC data. It basically
receives data from the PIC and displays it on the screen. This section is
basically about the ways to interface LCD with the microcontroller. In this
project, the HD44780U dot-matrix liquid crystal display controller is used. A
HD44780 based LCD module accepts ASCII code and special code for symbols,
Simple
Block diagram
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Solar
cell performance test
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TIME
|
ANGLE
(deg)
|
VOLTAGE(v)
|
|
8
am
|
+15
|
18.98
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9
am
|
+15
|
19.17
|
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10
am
|
0
|
18.74
|
|
11
am
|
0
|
18.80
|
|
12
am
|
0
|
18.84
|
|
1
pm
|
0
|
18.81
|
|
2
pm
|
-15
|
18.74
|
|
3
pm
|
-30
|
18.65
|
|
4
pm
|
-30
|
16.59
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5
pm
|
-45
|
16.75
|
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6
pm
|
-45
|
16.58
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Table
: 1.0 Result best angle
Summarized
monthly the solar radiation and ambient temperature of Kuala Lumpur
On cloudy days
A Mono solar pump
keeps working even in low light. When it is cloudy, your Mono will slow down
but because it has no minimum speed (unlike a centrifugal pump), it will keep
drawing water.
Daily flow rates
Minute by minute flow
is irrelevant to a system that pumps from dawn to dusk. Our figures are based
on the daily average performance of a pump. Flow will be highest on sunny days
when you most need water.
Weather resistance
Solar panels are far
more cyclone resistant than windmills. All array frames have been designed to
withstand 140km/hr winds and can be easily modified to withstand 210km/hr
storms. The toughened glass panels are renowned for their resistance to hail.
Pump and panel life
Mono pumps can last
for decades. Our first installation was back in 1985 and we are still going
strong. We do not know how long it takes to wear out solar panels, but we do
know that owners of a Mono solar system can expect many years of reliable
pumping power.
How Mono solar pumps work without
batteries
Other solar pump motors
need batteries to keep up speed, wasting up to 30% of the electrical energy in
the process. Mono solar pumps use the same DC (direct current) produced by the
panels. Together with Mono's low speed pumping power and the electrical
efficiency of the MPPT you have today's most productive solar pumping systems
available.
Store energy as water
The simplest way to
store solar energy is to use gravity by pumping water into elevated tanks.
Budgeting for solar
A solar pumping
system costs about the same as an old-fashioned windmill. Your Mono solar
powered pump will quickly pay for itself by saving on diesel, petrol or
electricity bills.
Water level protection
Like any electric
pump, your Mono solar pump can be controlled with pressure and/or float
switches. A connector on the MPPT control box makes it easy to protect against
dry bores or full water storage.
CONCLUSION
- Potentially
high initial system cost but it gives more benefit in long time.
- Low
labor and maintenance costs.
- No
fuel costs.
- Easy
to remove, transport, and store.
- Produces
water during sunny weather when it’s needed most.
- Reliable
and long life.
- Non-polluting.
In
all systems there are losses due to such things as voltage losses as the
electricity is carried across the wires, batteries and inverters not being 100
percent efficient, and other factors. These efficiency losses vary from
component to component, and from system to system and can be as high as 25
percent. Otherwise using tracking system is better to increase the system
output compare to fix position in term of cost and technical performance. The
solar water pumping system able to support the small scale of paddy field from
quarter acre up to seven acre. This system is complete with water level control
for water reservoir and paddy field because the paddy plantation behavior is
sensitive to water level. This project able to helps the farmer to improve the
paddy production for outside the granary of paddy field.
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